I drove to the coast of Oregon without an itinerary, and although there were a few places I really wanted go visit, I wanted the freedom to explore. Besides, I wasn’t in a hurry, until…. read on. I drove to the ocean from Salem on all the back roads. I took my time and even took a side trip up a (creepy!) one lane mountainside road to check out a water fall but the it was running much too fast for my photographic liking. By the time I arrived at the coastline, it was pouring, and hard! It was also very windy; which makes driving the RV so much fun…. not! That said, I felt the day was done and I was done too, lol! The next morning I drove south, in and out of all the state dune parks along the 101. I was looking for one that had some photographic advantages, when I finally chose one with a jetty; it was from here that I captured this photograph. In the distance, the ocean sky was dark and threatening; I could see the rain coming (again!). Although it was overcast, I was very bright. It perfect for capturing the cresting white waves, I was thrilled! When it was time to look for somewhere to stay for the night, I stopped at the North Lake RV resort in Lakeside, only to discover they were closed for the season. The lovely owner Karen however was there, and when I explained I simply needed a place to park, she graciously welcomed my stay. Later in that evening Karen called me to say, “There’s a huge rain and wind storm coming, starting at 10 a.m., with winds up to 80 miles an hour; we’ll likely lose some trees”. She suggested that I leave the coastline by morning, while I could. Needless to say, I left before 8 a.m. and as I did, it was pouring buckets… again! With only two noteworthy images in hand (one to follow) I was disappointed… but at least I got two! :-) Happiness is in the accumulation of micro moments… and my “micro” visit to the Oregon coast was indeed memorable!
I arrived at Elk Island National Park, in central Alberta, just as darkness took over the landscape. I was hoping to hone in on some Milky Way photography, knowing that the lake and islands would provide some valued interest to the photo. With great anticipation and in the darkness of night, I set out with a my camera gear on my back, bear spray in hand and my puppy Arlo by my side. With the assistance of a headlamp, I walked to Astotin Lake and hiked along the northern lakeside trail. As I walked I noticed some strange noises that seemed to be following me and I could hear some bugling elk and howling coyotes in the distance (admittedly, it was a bit unnerving!). I told myself, “It’s just rabbits and birds, scouring about and the animals are so far away”..... I didn’t linger (lol). Unfortunately though, by the time I got to the spot where I knew the islands, lake and with the Milky Way would align, it had clouded over. All was not lost however because I did get this spectacular photo. In this photo, both the city lights of Edmonton and the blue of evening falling, were very faint but there was just enough light for a 30 second exposure. The addition of these two lovely young ladies (who just happened to be there) added a much needed focal point. I asked if they wouldn’t mind standing still for 30 seconds, and they enthusiastically agreed (I was thrilled, and thankful!). Back in my RV, I enjoyed a hot cup of tea and I reflected on my day. Happiness is truly in the accumulation of micro-moments and with that thought, I enthusiastically planned my next day!
As mentioned previously, I’ve started to hone in on some more intimate scenes, like this one. Being so very visual, I tend to notice smaller scenes and with more practice of late, I’m starting to feel much more confident in pulling it all together. Although this photo may not resonate with everyone, I'm drawn to it's mystical qualities. I’ve often pondered, what takes an image from being a “snapshot”, to a piece majestic piece of “art”? It’s starts with the photographer observing the elements. That said, before composing this photograph, I considered these five things: 1. Geometry (the placement of the tree in the frame) 2. The color or colors (I loved the monochromatic look). 3. Luminosity (I loved the addition of the fog). 4. Contrast (soft light results in low contrast). 5. Mood (what was the general mood I wanted to capture). This photograph was taken in an ancient forest on Vancouver Island, BC. The cascading hairs are often referred to as “Old Man’s Beard” or “Grandfather’s Beard” but I’ve known it as “Witch’s beard” (hmmm......). They’re in the lichen family and are known as “Bearded Lichen (Usnea Longissima). They can grow up to 20 feet in length and with this tree hanging over a ridge, these beards were darn close!
"Death Valley View" - CLICK TO SEE ENTIRE IMAGE. Hmmm, really…. seriously! The wet and windy weather seems to be following me! I’m now in Death Valley and although the weather has been challenging, I did manage to dodge the rain. and get some awesome shots. Honestly though, I love the varied weather because it adds unique lighting, clouds and contrast to my images, like this one. The weather was clinging to the mountains all around me and although it was 17 degrees where I stood, it was snowing along the mountain tops. It was SO windy though, that when I dropped my lens-cap it (in seconds), blew over a ledge. A fine young man from Vancouver Island however was kind enough to retrieve it for me (in flipflops!)…. sheesh! I had visited this location before and although it was only in passing I did manage to get a really unique shot here (visit: ). I decided to camp nearby and planned to be back there for sunrise but (you guessed it), by morning it was raining… yet again! Suddenly though, the sun appeared so I hurriedly got dressed, packed up the RV and drove the the 5 minutes to get there.... AND, Yup, you guessed it (again) the sunlight was gone, oh darn! Okay, so now what to do? I decided to stay in the parking lot, have breakfast and do some editing while I hoped the sun would peak through again. Low and behold, the sun came out just long enough to get a shot! This image is a 4 image panoramic stack; meaning that I’ve stitched 4 images together (in photoshop). As a result, the file is huge and worthy of a monstrous (lol) enlargement. Patience and perseverance paid off.
It may surprise you, but my least favorite weather to shoot in are the clear days, when there isn’t a cloud in the sky. I prefer turbulent skies, overcast skies, fog or even rain because they all add drama, mood and interest to an image. Honestly though, there really aren’t any bad weather days for photography but the lighting conditions do dictate what type of photography I’m looking for. I love shooting in foggy conditions; that’s my favorite. Fog not only helps to define the subject by separating the foreground from the background but it (importantly), fog adds a peaceful and a serene stillness to it too; like this photo. I’m touring my way towards southern US in my RV now and after only three days, I’ve had to changed my travels twice …oh well :-) . The weather hasn’t exactly cooperated but I am getting a few great shots and making some valued memories along the way. Not one to get frazzled by (most) last minute changes, I embrace what I can’t change. That said, choosing which way to go, when you don’t know where to go, is sometimes just a matter of flipping a coin! I once met a lady who was traveling solo, around the world and I asked her, “How do you decide where to go?”. She answered with, “There’s no right or wrong, left or right”. Gosh, isn’t that the truth! Whether they are travel plans or life plans; life is in the memories we create, and those we leave behind. If you see the negative, you’re going to feel the negative, if you see the beauty, you’re going to feel the beauty. Believe in possibilities. Photo captured near Yakima, Washington.
“Did you see that?!” Yes, you likely saw most everything but did you see, or notice, the less obvious?! When I’m out in the field, and I feel there’s nothing to shoot, I enjoy the visual hunt for the less obvious. Not only does the hunt for it keep me engaged moment, but knowing that my next epic shot could be (literally), right under my feet is exhilarating! As I walked along a jetty (on the Oregon coast), I noticed these birds sitting in a row in the distance, on the opposite and parallel jetty. They stood out so clearly and silhouetted against the bright ocean mist. What I didn’t notice (until I hand my camera up to my eye), were the layers behind the mist (the sand dunes, then the mountains and finally, the stormy sky). *I love the layers! The birds were quite far away so I used my Sony 100-400 zoom lens (at full zoom) to capture this image and then in post processing I cropped the top and the bottom to turn it into a panoramic image. Whether you think there’s a shot, or not… you’re right! Some of my favorite all time images are those I didn’t expect to find.
I recently went on a photo shoot to Vancouver Island, with plans to explore the northern section of the island. Mother Nature however had a different agenda; snow and ice (in November!). Vancouver Island is well known as the warmest place in Canada. The province’s capital city Victoria for example, enjoys an average temperature of 10°C, of 50°F. So, to have below freezing temperatures made traveling more challenging; ultimately, I had to change my plans. Not only did my RV need new tires (which I got during my travels) but I also had to consider that my RV wasn’t winterized. Who would have thought I’d have to worry about that in November! That said, I had to winterize my RV before I headed inland, and home. I captured this, my last photo of my trip, on my way home (an hour before I winterized the RV) outside of Abbotsford, BC. I had captured another photo here once before (see "Morning Ballet), so I purposely stopped to see if I could find another composition. The fog was starting to lift so time was of an essence. It was a bit of a scramble (yikes!) but fortunately, I came across this view immediately. I was however tempted to keep exploring but in the end I decided to stay, set up my gear and wait for the sun to (hopefully) illuminate the scene. My wait was worth it! Notice how the sun's rays are merely kissing the scene; it was exactly what I was waiting for. I love this photo; it’s mood, the subtle colors and it’s composition too.
In order to grow, as a person, in our careers and in our passions we often have to force ourselves into challenging situations; our mindsets are key. That said, my “choices” guide me and why I took this photograph. Woodland photography is very popular, especially in the UK where open woodlands are (more) easy to find. Here in the northwestern US and Canada however, they’re harder to find so when I saw this tree I was excited by the potential I saw. I was on a narrow two lane road when I drove by this scene, so I had to make a quick decision, “Should I turn around?”. I was driving my RV so turning around meant a few 3-point turns to turns to do so, and although that was a bit of a challenge, I knew the real challenge would be to create the photo I envisioned from a raw file… which would force me to learn something new. The tree was as you see it here (it remains the same) however the background in the original was lit up with defused mid-day white lighting; perfect for the image I had envisioned. As mentioned in previous posts, my raw images all require post editing and it was here that the challenge lie; how to bring “mood” into the scene. I think I accomplished that. Challenges can be difficult but by choosing how we face them, we grow. A rewarding passion (and life), is in the accumulation of our choices.
Death Valley (California) is known for its extremes; it is America's driest and hottest terrain (with a record of of 134°F, or 56°C). With fewer than 2 inches (5 centimeters) of rainfall annually, I happened to be there when over 1 inch of rain fell (some of the roads were washed out). It too is home to the lowest point in the US (at Badwater Basin), at 282 feet below sea level, yet 75 miles away, Mt. Whitney is the highest point in the lower 48 states, at 14,505 feet. I intentionally composed this photo to make you ( the viewer) question, "What is that?”. It's a barren mountainside, as seen from Zabriskie Point. From here the point offers a stunning and impressive panoramic views of the badlands; it’s various metals have oxidized the clay creating eye-popping reds, yellows, greens, blues, and even purples. I LOVED the patterns in the Death Valley landscape, they were almost moon like! Abstract compositions were everywhere but I chose this on because of the hiking trail (it leads your eye through the image). This is only one, of many photographs that I took in Death Valley. That said, the unique photographic views and scenes everywhere! What a sight to see, and experience too!
"Death Valley Dunes" The weather in Death Valley was certainly challenging when I visited it but I did manage to dodge the rain and capture a few amazing shots, including this one. The sand was wet when I took this photo, and the sand underneath was dry, so walking on it was tough (but good exercise!). Look closely and you'll see I wasn't alone; there were two men off in the distance, to the right. I thought the footprints in the sand were interesting; I wondered who they belong to, and what unique stories they all had This image is available in this panoramic format as well as a full format (which includes the mount tops and threatening clouds). I chose however to showcase this panoramic format because I (personally) loved how it added a dimensional quality to the overall abstract nature of this image. #earthoutdoors #wondermore #roamearth #visualsofearth #escapeandwonder #earth_deluxe #allaboutadventures #travelwithleisure #fantasticearth #nomadict #exploretocreate #passionpassport #stayandwander #roamtheplanet #discoverearth #neverstopexploring #naturephotography #naturelovers #earthfocus #artofvisuals #welivetoexplore #deathvalley #landscapephotography #earthpix #amazingplaces #beautifuldestinations #ourplanetdaily #wildcalifornia #deathvalleynationalpark #nationalpark
To produce a well crafted photo that has meaning and conveys a feeling, can be a challenge; yet that is what I strive for. That said, many elements have to be in alignment for that to happen, and it's a lucky day when they do. When it comes to “moody” photographs, soft light and fog are definitely my friends. I love how the soft, diffused morning light reduces the highlights, softens the darks, opens up the shadows and yet make the colors pop. The fog not only adds depth to the scene but it definitely creates a sense of mood or mystery. This photograph was taken while I hiked a trail that started at the Stamp River Provincial Park (14Km’s/8.5 miles north of Port Alberni, on Vancouver Island). The park features moss covered rain forests, rapids, a waterfall and a substantial fish ladder (which allows half a million Coho, Sockeye and Chinook salmon to pass the falls). I parked my RV there for the night and was on the trail well before sunrise; I wanted to get out there before the fog would burn off. Their was a cool and misty breeze that followed the river, and the smell of decaying salmon was noticeably strong. This was bear country, and I knew they’d fattening up for their long winter’s nap so my bear spray was close at hand. What I love about this photograph is it’s sense of mystery and how the cool and warm colors are in harmony throughout the scene. I too love the focal point; the tree and how it’s leaning over the cliff’s edge.
This is one of my all-time favorite photos, in all regards. Forest scenes are generally busy, in that there are so many trees and distractions. That said, Mother Nature made this composition, I just had to see it. Trampling through the forest looking for compositions is not easy but I don't have any complaints because I finding one is truly like being on an Easter egg hunt! I particularly LOVE this photo because it has so many of the compositional elements that I look for, and the light perfect (soft, not harsh). I particularly love the lead in line and how your eye goes around (and around) the tree and not out the frame. I also love this photograph's balance in that it's weighted equally with the central tree being the anchor. There's also a great sense of perception; notice how the background drops off. I named this photograph "Embraced" because the tree appeared to be embraced by the forest and because of the embracing circular path around it. I too noticed that it was flourishing, more so than the other trees, so Mother Nature must be embracing it too. May we all feel, (like this tree) "Embraced".
Copper Island, which is located in Shuswap region of south-central British Columbia, is the pride of Shuswap Lake. It was given that name because of it’s copper color however the Shuswap people (Secwepemc, pronounced suh-Wep-muhc), who were the first to inhabit these lands, named it Cemete’tkwe, in their Secwepemctsin language. In 1956 Copper Island became a Provincial Park and is busy with sun worshipers (summer, lol), hikers and boaters alike. To capture this image, in the way I had envisioned it, took some planning. I wanted the lake to look smooth (rather than choppy) so I needed to reduce my shutter speed; which required a density filter (which reduces the amount of light from entering my camera). With a slow shutter speed of 2 seconds, I had to use a tripod. I also wanted to include the foreground, so my camera was only 1 foot off of the (cold!) ground. This photograph is a good example of how colors (along with density) help to create depth in an image. Cool colors tend to reseed whereas warm colors come forward; you can clearly see that in this image. Notice the warmth (yellows) of the foreground and the cool colors (blues) in the background. Once I got this shot, I high tailed it back to the warmth of my Jeep! Welcome winter!
Finding and planning photographic locations takes time, patience and physical effort but the reward can often yield more than some fantastic photographs but some absolutely amazing memories too! That said, finding a desert scene isn’t easy because it's cluttered but when you enjoy hiking, the sunshine and desert life, scoping out a location isn't a chore! This photograph was taken not far from where I stayed in my RV in North Scottsdale. I had parked here many times and I always felt so very privileged by the many meandering desert trails that were right at my doorstep; they were perfect for cycling and hiking and I used them a lot. I noticed this scene (not far from my RV) many times but I waited patiently for not only the right lighting conditions, but for the right cloud formations too. Notice how the clouds have a powerful and dramatic impact on this image. Notice how the clouds have a powerful and dramatic impact on this image. Then, to add to that sense of drama, I also converted it to a sepia tone. It took patience for everything to come together, but I got the shot I wanted, and I now have many lifelong and heartfelt memories of this location too.
Each time I take a photo I consider it’s composition, which simply put is the arrangement of the elements in the viewfinder. Unlike a fine art painter, a photographer doesn’t have the luxury of moving that tree, or that mountain so considering all compositional aspects before I press the shutter button, is extremely important. There are many compositional grids and guidelines but generally speaking most use “the rule of thirds”. In this photograph however, I used a diagonal grid guideline and it’s actually that pattern that drew me to this scene! Take a moment to notice the many triangles in this photo (including the trees). Then notice too how I placed the two prominent trees in dead center, and how many of the triangular lines lead your eyes to those trees. It’s not very often that such a unique composition will present itself; Mother Nature did a great job composing this shot for me…. all it took was noticing it. :-) “Beauty can be seen in all things. Seeing and composing the beauty is what separates the snapshot from the photograph”.
As a photographer, I’ve often written about the need for patience and perseverance, and this photo required both. With my camera on a tripod and zoomed in on this eagle I waited for it to open its wings and take flight but ...I waited, and waited..... and waited! Finally, I gave up but not before noticing this much bigger composition. I love the soft colors of this photo, and how the branches are highlighted (which lead your eyes to the eagle). Although this image may not resonate with everyone, that’s the reality of “art”; it's in the eye of the viewer. That said, it’s my artistic vision that excitedly leads my way 🙂 I named this photo “A Perspective Eye” because the eagle was busily hunting for its next meal. My "Perspective Eye" noticed this larger composition, and your own "Perspective Eye" either loves this type of photography, or not :-)
"Winter's Beauty Rest" In -38F (-39C) weather, I ventured out in the comfort of my Jeep, on some snow drift covered prairie back roads in search of “cold” images. Not only was it cold but the wind was incredibly piercing too! I was enjoying the sun filled day when this scene caught my eye. I loved how the highlight of the snow defined the branches; thankfully there weren't any leaves blocking the tree trunk and branches. Both my camera and my hands don’t work very well in those frigged temperatures, so I didn’t doddle! I love how abstract photography makes you look more intriguingly and inquisitively at it an image. The "art" in abstract photography however is much more than capturing what I see; it's first in observing beyond a first glance and then composing it in an artistic manner. Mother Nature produces some of the best abstract art!
The Western Red Cedars of “Ancient Forest National Park”, typically grow along the northwest coast of North America,. Oddly enough though, these were located in the interior of BC! Many of the enormously tall trees are well over 1000 years old; thanks to the perfect weather and soil conditions, and the ability to survive past droughts, storms, insect outbreaks and fires too. Knowing that the early morning fog would add “mood” to the overall composition, I arrived before sunrise, The little bit that was there however quickly dissipated but I did manage to capture this moody shot. That said, it's very indicative of what I felt; all alone, at peace and at awe with nature. As I meandered along the manmade boardwalks through the forest, I could feel myself depart from the world outside, in both in time in space. I certainly was in my element and for a moment, I was a child again, without a care it the world. I hiked around with my camera gear on my back and with my puppy Arlo by my side for almost 5 hours. He's only five months old but I started training him early to sit and be still when I set up my tripod. Although he can't go on all of my photo shoots, he’s such a good puppy and great companion. What I love about this photo is its overall sense of mood and when I look at it, I feel a sense of mystery, yet I feel the tranquility and calm too. I actually saw this scene from quite a distance so I carefully chose where to positioned myself and then I changed my lens and camera settings… and so on, and so on! I remember thinking that photography is a lot like golf! Just as there is a lot to consider and remember before you swing, well, there’s a lot to consider before you press the shutter button too! Do this, do that, don’t do this… and so on, ha ha! As I neared the end of my hike, Arlo (with an alert stance) came to a dead stop…. hmmm, this was a first! Suddenly I heard what he heard; a rustling noise but it was a noise that I couldn’t quite put my finger on. As I stood in the stillness the strange sound slowly got louder, and louder. When I looked up, I realized a strong wind was blowing above me (only) and the noise was from the thousands of leaves blowing in the wind. I chuckled…. and breathed a sigh of relief (lol).
"Calling Me" - “The mountains are calling and I must go.” ~ John Muir For those of you who feel the mountains speak to you, this photo and the words of John Muir (above), need little explanation. I'm truly a mountain girl; IT'S THERE that I feel the very essence of "Romi": IT'S THERE, while surrounded by it's beauty, that I can be my authentic and human self; at peace with my flaws and in admiration of whom I've become. IT'S THERE, that I turn inwards, in reflection of my many blessings. IT'S THERE, with the help and healing power of Mother Nature, that I find my inspiration (creatively and otherwise) IT'S THERE, that I want my ashes to be strewn; WHERE THE MOUNTAINS CALL TO ME.
As a beginner, I use to give composition very little thought, and most of my photos were grand scenes but now, I find myself finding great pleasure in finding and composing more intimate scenes, like this one. Although this type of photography isn't for everyone my photographic journey is for "me"; my soul and my healing. I'm in my element when I'm out exploring, and all my worries disappear. There, I'm at one with Mother Nature and I know she means me no harm. That said, I'm also there to represent her through my photography for all to see, experience and (hopefully) inspire in some way. I often think of those of you whom (because of your physical limitations), can't experience her, and for that I am sorry but I hope that just for a moment, you're there with me. Yes, it's (tearfully) lonely at times but I don't feel nearly as lonely when I'm out on the open road, and exploring Mother Nature. I named this photography "A Graceful Descent" because it represents my journey. We fall, we get up and we grow again! :-)
Tofino, and Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of British Columbia, are characterized by the wild natural scenery; ancient rain-forest, vast sandy beaches (which offer year-round surfing), many hiking trails, a paved 43 km. (26 mile) paved biking trail and many fine shops, hotels and restaurants. I spent 5 days in Tofino, in hopes of shooting some stormy sea and sky photos. Although the storms never developed, on this day there was a high surf advisory, so off I went in search of some waves. Not being very familiar with the ocean, I was somewhat intimidated by its mighty strength and roar. I spotted these ocean birds (called Brandt's Cormorants) silhouetted on this rock from quite a distance, noting their sleek necks and rounded bellies as I walked towards them. I climbed the boulders to get to this view (with one eye on the ocean!). Once I found my composition, I was waited for the "big" wave; I keeping one eye on the ocean so I wouldn't be swept in. Using my 100 to 400 Sony zoom lens I was able to capture this photograph. As I waited, I remembering comparing my fear of the ocean to theirs and envied their agility. That said, fear got the best of me and once I got this shot, I was out of there! Quick Brandt's Cormorants facts: They are expert divers and can swim more than 200 feet in pursuit of fish and shellfish. They're an aggressive bird. They migrate each year from Alaska to Mexico and are very common and widespread. Brandt's sports a vivid cobalt-blue throat patch and eyes during breeding season. They have wispy white feathers on the head, which you can't see in this photo.
Every place has its magic and Gold Canyon is one of my favorite majestic locations in the state of Arizona. The area is surrounded by stately mountains on three sides, as well as good variety of desert cacti, and of course, those beautiful sunrises and sunsets that Arizona is known for. I boon-docked just outside of Gold Canyon, on a very large area of BLM land for 10 days. From their it was an easy drive to Apache Junction, Superior and Queen Valley; I loved exploring them all. I shot photos during the day and then in the tranquility of the desert evenings, I sorted and edited the raw files. With visions of capturing a sunset view, with desert cacti in the foreground, I scouted many back roads. Some of the roads were actually ATV trails; like the road leading to this location. In 4-wheel low, I drove up a hillside as far as I dared but when I had keep getting out of my Jeep to make sure I was keeping my tires in line with the rocks and ridges in the road, I knew I had gone far enough. With darkness falling, backing back down by myself (blindly) wasn’t much fun. It wasn’t long however that I found a spot to turn around and it was from this random spot that I ascended a nearby hill; wondering if the view I was searching for was at the top... and there it was! It was dark by the time I got back to my RV but I was “home”…. and very thankful to be there (and for my memorable day too!).
*Are my photographs real, or manipulated? It seems these days, that the general public believes that all digital photographs have been manipulated. Although this is may be true of some photographs, ultimately, it's the artist’s (the photographer’s) art and creation. This could be argued however that it’s basically telling lie. In this photograph, a single eagle flew into the frame and then in the same repetition of images, another eagle followed. So, I blended the two images together so they appeared in one frame; this is now what's called a "composite". A composite photograph is an image that has been manipulated; they can include (but not limited to), the blending of two photos, adding an element or swapping out a sky. *So why do digital images have to be processed in the first place? The snapshots that you take with your smartphone, are all JPEG files; which basically means that your smartphone camera did all the adjustments for you (yay!). Sure, the convenience is great but the downside is that the files are small, and lack pixel detail. I on the other hand, I take what’s called “RAW” images, which offers a large amount of pixel detail. That said, the upside of a RAW image is that you don’t lose too much of the original detail when you blow it up. The downside however is that (out of camera) they look flat and lack vibrancy. So, a RAW image requires post processing to restore them.... and time! *So, what are my thoughts on digital alteration? I like to edit my digital files to represent what I saw (using highlights, contrast and tones to draw my viewer’s attention to the subject or overall scene), and if it’s a composite it had better be from the same scene, taken at the same time (like this image). *In conclusion: The argument remains, “Is manipulating an image a lie, or a piece of art”? The debate continues..... *A side note: It was pouring when I took this photograph (in Ucluelet, BC), and with the wind, I had to constantly wipe off my lens. Arlo went with me on this photos shoot; he wasn’t impressed 😊